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Companies entry forms into foreign markets
Tichá, Dominika ; Němečková, Iveta (advisor) ; Olšanová, Květa (referee)
The current period of globalization, still greater liberalization of business environment and growing competition put companies in a difficult situation. To succeed, they are expanding business to an international environment. Multinational companies are expanding into the markets, where they do not yet have their own effects. Entrepreneur or company can use several forms of entry, from export and import operations, through capital-saving forms of market presence, for example licensing, franchising or industrial cooperation, to capital inputs, that can be realized through portfolio or foreign direct investment. On the one hand, entrepreneur's interest to invest is affected by the economic situation of the country, but the effects of using ICT are crucial as well. One of these factors is the high-speed mobile internet access. Mobile network operators can meet demand due to holding of specific frequencies in different bands. Nowadays, the Czech Republic has initiated new selection procedure -- auction to divide frequencies. This Auction is used to attract new mobile operators and also offer new forms of entry for them. Mobile operators need to grant permits, licenses to operate different networks. Significantly for them is entering through strategic alliances of large companies, since it is the area of telecommunications, which requires a lot of money on research and development, innovation and development of telecommunications infrastructure. The first part presents different types of expansion from export and import operations through capital-saving investments to the most complex capital inputs. The second part focuses on the current mobile service providers operating on the Czech market, and their entry into the Czech Republic. The third and last part presents a new selection procedure -- an auction to obtain radio frequencies. There are outlined some new possibilities of entering mobile network operators on the Czech market with telecommunication, which brings this auction.
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E-sources do not fall from the sky
Žižková, Štěpánka
The paper describes the current coverage of Czech research, development and education with electronic information resources (EIZ). In comparison with foreign experience with financing of these costly albeit for knowledge advancement of science and research absolutely necessary and fundamental tools, the Czech Republic has chosen the way of grant competitions. After ten-year existence of grant programs supporting access to electronic resources, it is clear how system and conceptual solution as well as assessment of appropriate consortial model for the Czech Republic are in principle lacking in this field.
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